ÐÏࡱá>þÿ 8:þÿÿÿ7ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿì¥Ág ð¿Ìbjbj*§*§ .*HÍibHÍibŒ?ÿÿÿÿÿÿ·š š ÿÿÿÿ***8b$†,*îj²²(ÚÚÚµµµmoooooo$X¶!d“µµµµµ“ÚÚÛ¨•••µ¦ÚÚm•µm•••Úÿÿÿÿ–æ‡$×ÿÿÿÿ[•Y¾0î•r!s¬r!•r!•ĵµ•µµµµµ““vµµµîµµµµÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿr!µµµµµµµµµš B Ü: qPCR We use two types of qPCR reaction – SYBR and probe. SYBR is a general purpose reagent that works with any primer set, probe PCRs are expensive to initially set up but allow multiplexing of multiple qPCR reactions in a single tube which substantially increases accuracy when measuring small differences eg: rDNA CNV. We normally use 10µl reactions in 96 well plates, but have recently also started using 4µl reactions in 384 well plates. Recipes given below are for 10µl reactions, just scale for 4µl reactions but tell the machine they are 10µl. We use the Maxima SYBR/probe mixes from Fermentas (now Thermo) The template DNA has a big impact on qPCR. qPCR is very sensitive to trace phenol so phenol:chloroform purified DNA should be diluted at least 10-fold. Genomic DNA samples should ideally be digested before use (with a restriction enzyme that doesn’t cut in the amplicons!) to bring the fragment size to <10kb. This ensures that the DNA solution is homogenous and increases accuracy. Basic SYBR reaction 5µl 2x Maxima SYBR mix 0.3µl primer mix, containing both primers at 10µM 0.7µl water Make up enough of this mix for 10% more reactions than you need and aliquot 6µl into each well. Dilute DNA samples 1:4 (if required), then add 4µl DNA to each well. Each sample should be assayed in triplicate. Run using the following program: 95° 10 min 95° 15 sec \ 60° 1 min x40 Plate read / Melt curve (this is pre-defined when you set up the program) Designing primer sets for qPCR We use this site with default parameters, and normally order and test 2-3 sets of oligos. https://www.genscript.com/ssl-bin/app/primer Test them by running reactions in triplicate on 5x 10-fold serial dilutions of test DNA. Use inbuilt qPCR software (BioRad CFX on our systems) to calculate efficiency and reproducibility (as an R2 value) – efficiency should be close to 100%, R2 should be >0.985. Alternatively, design primers by standard methods given in the PCR protocol, aim for a Tm of 55-58 based on the NEB oligo calculator. Designing primer sets for probe PCR Start by testing the candidate primer set by SYBR-qPCR and only if they are excellent primers should you order the probe (probes are expensive). The probes we use are based on the TaqMan system, and have a fluorophore on one end and a quencher on the other. Common combinations: 6FAM – oligo – BHQ1 HEX – oligo – BHQ1 Basic probe PCR reaction 5µl 2x Maxima probe mix 0.3µl each primer mix, containing both primers at 10µM 0.1µl each probe (10µM) Water to 6 µl Make up enough of this mix for 10% more reactions than you need and aliquot 6µl into each well. Dilute DNA samples 1:4 (if required), then add 4µl DNA to each well. Each sample should be assayed in triplicate. Run using the following program: 95° 10 min 95° 15 sec \ 60° 30 sec x40 Plate read / Melt curve (this is pre-defined when you set up the program) Yeast Genomic DNA preparation for qPCR Re-suspend 1 large colony or cells from ~100µl saturated culture in 200(l Fast Lysis buffer (should be 5x107 cells strictly) Add 20-50(l glass beads and 200(l phenol/chloroform Vortex for 5min at 4(C or room temperature Spin for 5min at top speed Extract 150µl of the upper phase, add 15µl 3M NaOAc pH5.2 and 450µl ethanol Vortex, then spin 15min at top speed Wash pellet with 1ml 70% ethanol Dry pellet 5min at RT Add 100µl EB (10mM Tris pH8.0, 1mM EDTA), vortex Digest 50µl gDNA 10µl CutSMART 0.2µl (4U) EcoRI (for example) 0.2µl 1mg/ml RNase A in 100µl 37° for 1 hour, then purify through a QIAQuick PCR cleanup column into 120µl Load 4µl per well in 10µl qPCR Fast Lysis Buffer: 2% Triton-X100 1% SDS 100mM NaCl 1mM EDTA 10mM Tris pH8      FILENAME qPCR v1.1 Houseley lab  PAGE 3 A B C ) * i é ê ý þ    E F K L ¡ ¢ µ Ç Ë Ù å æ J L M T U W X e f  á >j/0_`sùúöíåáÝáÖáÒÎÇ¿·Ò¯Ò¯Ò¯Ò¯Ò¯Ò«Ò«Ò¯ÒΣÎÒΣΣΛΔÎ�Î�΋Ά h.5³5�hV5Ý hz —H* hz —hz —hz —hz —5�hz —OJQJhë hy0€OJQJhz —h™)Ç5�hz —hy0€5� h™)Çhy0€hz —hy0€ h™)Çh™)ÇhMh™)ÇhMh™)Ç5�hM5�CJ(aJ(h™)Ç5�CJ(aJ(2B C ) * i j é ê þ ÿ  H T ´ µ ' ( I J U c u „ Á  á ÷òððððððððððððððððððððððððððgd™)Ç$a$gd™)Çá â =>klsùú!"78L_`yz’ÉáïðPQÃÄýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýøøøøøøøøøøøóógdë gd E88`oy{|ˆ�•–˜�ÆÇÉÌÍÏÔÙÝÞâæëìíîïð=>P�‚èéóô`afgno‡ˆ‰£´µ¶ÐÑäúõñíèàíØíÔíØíÔíØíÔÌÅÔÅÔÌÔíÔºÌÅíÔíØíÔÌÔÌÔÌÔÌÔ¶®¶®¶®è©¶¥¶�¶–¶ jmðh{_)h{_)OJQJhýk h{_)5�h{_)h{_)5�h{_)hë hë OJQJ hë hë hë OJQJhë h E8OJQJhz —h E85� h E85�h E8h.5³ h.5³5� hz —5�;Äåæñÿ!^_`ˆ‰;<ghƒ„ÐÑö÷/0úúúúúúúúõóóîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîîgd{_)gd E8gdë äôõ&'PQklmwx‡ˆ§¨ÀÁÆÇì )*Š‹Œ���’“•–˜™£¤¨©®·»¾¿ü÷üðìåìåìÞìüÖìÖìÖìÖìÖìÖìÒìÖìÒìÖìÖìË¸¼¸¼¸°¬°£°Ÿ¬›¬‘jh(¹0JUh€%hV5ÝhLƒmHnHuh(¹jh(¹Uhâ|,jhâ|,U h.5³h{_) h{_)h{_)h dh{_)OJQJ j°ðh{_) jmðh{_)h{_) hýkh{_) hýkH*hýk60abtƒ£¹ÃÄ12T^lx‰Š‹ŒŽ�‘’”•—˜úúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúøøøøøøøøøøgd{_)˜¼½ÉÊËÌýûùûûû¿ÅÆÇÈÊËÌúðã×ÓÏÈ h.5³h{_)hâ|,h(¹jh(¹0JU†*hV5Ý0JmHnHu†*jh(¹0JU h(¹0J,1�h°‚. °ÆA!°"°#� $� %°°Ä°Ä �Äþs2ÀÐàð 0@P`p€�ÀÐàð2(Øè 0@P`p€�ÀÐàð 0@P`p€�ÀÐàð 0@P`p€�ÀÐàð 0@P`p€�ÀÐàð 0@P`p€�ÀÐàð 0@P`p€�8XøV~� °ÀЀàð 0@àð 0@àð 0@àð 0@àð 0@àð 0@àð 0@àð 0@àð 0@àð 0@àð 0@àð 0@àð 0@àð 0@_HmH nH sH tH @`ñÿ@ NormalCJ_HaJmH sH tH DA`òÿ¡D Default Paragraph FontRióÿ³R  Table Normalö4Ö l4Öaö (k ôÿÁ(No List 4@ò4 Mr2Header  Æ9r 4 @4 Mr2Footer  Æ9r .)@¢. 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